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My
goal is mainly to create profound, highly communicative, spontaneous refined
atonal music. What does this mean exactly? My colleagues, the musicians
that will read this page, will probably smile at this question, but you
can't imagine how many people have asked it to me and even sent me e-mails
to know what tonality and atonality are! So, I'll try to put it in these
terms: the traditional classical music of the past ages was based on arranging
all the tones and chords of a composition in relation to a central 'key'
note (called the 'tonic'), thus forming a system or an arrangement of
seven tones built on a tonic key or note, which ought to be also the last
note of the piece in order to obtain an effect of satisfying conclusion.
This traditional system was also based on a number of mainly consonant
well-known traditional chords which could be easily classified according
to the well-known traditional rules of harmony. It was named 'tonality'.
Pop, rock and non-classical music are still based on tonality nowadays.
During the 20th Century, on the contrary, classical music has developed
greatly, getting more and more different from tonality-based music: composers
tried to avoid arranging music in relation to a conclusive sound, and
began to employ even strong dissonances as ordinary sounds with wonderful
astonishing suggestive effects, and irregular rhythms as ordinary rhythms,
and also began to abandon the use of motives and of leading musical themes,
focusing on tone color and timbre qualities rather than on melody. This
new musical style is very distinctive of the contemporary classical music,
sometimes called also 'learned' contemporary music, or 'new music', or
'avant-garde' music. This fascinating, strongly evocative new style of
music is not really 'new' at present: it began to exist in European and
Western music about the year 1900, and we must remark - for instance -
that some of its features have always been part of ethnical musical traditions
of many peoples in the world. It is not therefore a music without natural
bases, of course, but it has only different natural bases. This new musical
style is simply not based on tonality, so it is often referred to as 'atonal'
music. It's sad that so many people today do not even know what atonal
music is, because it is the classical music of our age.
Of
course, this evolution did not occur without problems. Classical music
is no more based on tonality nowadays. But it was. When the musical system
of tonality has been left aside, we have also abandoned a certainty, a
commonly accepted system that ensured the possibility to build chord sequences
that surely were to sound logical and consequent, a feature that has always
been distinctive of the music of Europe, in my personal opinion clearly
influenced by the diversity of the Christian faith, that states that the
Sense of the History has entered the History and so that the man has become
free and can have an active part in its development, because his task
is not only to follow some teachings or laws or to recreate an eternal
myth: History has a direction, a sense. Now a standard method to ensure
a feeling of consequentiality (and then a feeling of Sense, of proceeding
towards a Destiny) does not exist any more; on the contrary, the need
to make the listeners perceive in what direction a music will go on has
become more and more attenuated in many composers, in my opinion proceeding
side by side with a loss of clarity about the sense and direction of the
life itself, so typical of the present age. Besides, also in the domain
of the contemporary music a tendency to the creation of static, repetitive,
hypnotic atmospheres has been spreading all about us in the last years,
partly owing to the influence of certain vaguely Oriental conceptions.
Facing all this, I have been concerned, since fifteen years ago, with
doing some research to find a solution to what seemed a problem to me.
When, years ago, I started to feel interested to atonal music, I guessed
that the problem of understanding and appreciating spontaneously a music
written in an atonal style should necessarily be connected to the revivification
of a method to give a feeling of logical consequentiality in music also
outside the old rules of tonality. At the same time, however, the practical
experience, the facts, demonstrated clearly that the atonal music was
not at all necessarily the product of a situation of crisis and disorientation,
as many erroneously think, and that the contemporary music could and can
certainly be as great as the traditional classical music used to be. I
perceived that to dismiss the great expressive goals that have been attained
through the use of the dissonant atonal chords would have been like to
suppress a cardinal part of the 20th Century musical heritage, a sort
of apostasy committed towards an objectively beautiful and poetic experience,
which had been created with the labor and struggles of many; in other
words, to ignore the beauty of atonal music would have been like to ignore
deliberately an important part of reality in order to escape the problems
related with it, instead of reflecting on them. To ignore facts and experience.
So,
I simply tried to start from the observation of reality: that is, I sometimes
felt that a given succession of two atonal chords sounded more logical
and more consequent than other ones, and I started to wonder why it was
so. I wondered: how does the atonal harmony work when we feel that "it
works", that is when it has an appropriate and clear effect? What
is lacking in it when, on the contrary, we feel that "it doesn't
work" properly? In other words, I tried to do some research on the
hypothetical rules that could govern a system of atonal chords, to order
them in logical and consequent successions, just in the way that chord
sequences based on tonality used to sound logical and consequent. I tried
to obtain something that could work as a common shared technical basis,
so that I will not be obliged to put aside something that has always been
one of the essential features of music in my culture: a feeling of consequentiality,
indeed, a feeling of being proceeding towards a ultimate final goal, a
sense given by its directionality, by the presence of a clearly perceivable
thread in the music. I try to actuate this practically above all through
my music, of course. As a researcher, however, these thoughts brought
me also to explore the development of a method to analyze the atonal chords.
Yes,
I work also as a researcher. My work as a researcher is related to the
fact that I do not agree with classifying the discussions on structure
and technics as academic and dry. I believe that in music meaning and
poetry are in structure, or at least rely on it. Of course a structure
that causes some audible effects, that you hear (possibly also without
noticing its presence), not the type of structure that can only be viewed
on a score. Any music has necessarily a structure. A structure in itself
is far from being arid. I mean, poetry and emotion rely on structures
that cause a feeling of coherence, or a feeling of hypnosis, or a perception
of dialoguing voices, or a feeling of tensions, and relaxations, so that
each passage derives from the former one and brings to the following one,
and you are forced to wait something, until the end of the piece comes
and you feel that you are waiting for the completion not only of that
piece but of your life, which you will of course find only in Heaven.
Really, the poetry of music, or of a passage, or of a single sound or
tone color, is in its form (also a few milliseconds of sound have a form,
as I learned from my electronic music studies)...this is the way I usually
think about this problem. Atmospheres, emotions, already exist. But isn't
it poetry and a fascinating task to try to understand (always in part,
because a music is like a living person, and you never know it completely)
why that emotional effect is there, what causes it, which structure is
emanating such a beauty, and how could I do it again? Thus you discover
that everything, every structure, conveys and points to a meaning that
you never reach in this life... But why should we reject structure, technics,
materiality? It's only through this one that some Meaning seems to appear.
My problem is never how I feel, but what reality is made of! And reality
is also materiality and rationality, I am also made of rationality and
I feel complete only if also my reason is considered. The fact is that
I compose what I like, but I need also to understand technically why I
like that passage in a particular way, so that I can gain more control
in what I am doing and understand more profoundly what I really want and
what I really like and especially why. In my experience, the technical
comprehension and the aesthetic emotion are not separated and also the
technical research is poetic in some way, because it is made to understand
where the beauty is coming from! Really, sometimes analysis, when analysing
or playing, or building structures, when composing, can be poetry, in
this way. This gives me emotion: the unity and collaboration between spirituality
and materiality, the fact that what you feel when you listen to Beethoven,
for example, IS related in some partly inexplicable and partly understandable
way to how Beethoven used to modulate from I to III or to write a pizzicato.
We are one, body and soul. Also any good interpreter knows that there
is a profound unity between technics and interpretation, for example.
And this is what I find fascinating.
What
are my favourite music genres? Besides the contemporary and 20th Century
classical music, I love the authentic field-recorded ethnic music (I'm
fond of ethnomusicology). I believe that a composer has much to learn
from it, and that the authentic ethnic music and the contemporary music
have much in common. I love ancient music very much, too, from the Middle
Ages to the Baroque and Haydn (philologically performed, please! "The
method to know an object properly is suggested by the object itself",
said somebody). I usually love to work with people who deal often with
ancient music: they often know the importance of accuracy, understanding,
precision and absolute and passionate dedication to their work, and I
like this. And often they like modern and contemporary classical music,
too, like me. I really love Grieg, too. That's peculiar for me: I am not
particularly inclined towards Romanticism and opera, generally speaking,
although with some remarkable exceptions. I often find excellent music
in the works of the so-called minor authors (in music, and also in painting!),
and I absolutely agree with those who study them. Besides, I often find
music in the precise observation of natural elements (birds songs, animal
calls, natural forms, natural sounds). With regard to the question whether
we should go on to regard the classical music as a genre apart, somewhat
profounder than the others, or we should regard all the genres as having
a substantial parity and compose cross-genre music without any problem,
well, I confess that my opinion is the first one. What are my favorite
contemporary composers? Among them there are Messiaen, Lutoslawski, Castiglioni,
Takemitsu, Crumb, Berio, Nordheim, Ligeti, Gubaidulina, and also Ives,
for instance, or Jonathan Harvey, but also many, many others.
There
is a LOT of wonderful contemporary (especially atonal) music, there is
an atonal tradition, too, full of dignity EXACTLY as the classical tradition
of the past, but the mass media and record labels almost ignore it. There
are not only the great pieces composed by the aforementioned authors,
of course. But also many pieces composed by friends of mine, after a life
of studies, hard work and efforts. When I see that so many people despise
contemporary music and throw away the good one with the bad one, I become
really irritated. More, I feel hurt, and I think to me and my friends,
and our passionate work considered as if it were nothing. I'd rather to
save both (good and bad contemporary music) than to throw away the good
part with the bad one, to give up and destroy the love and passion for
beauty that so many composers demonstrate with their hard work and their
life. I think that one must be concerned with the prejudices of those
who speak badly of contemporary music without even trying to understand
it. Understanding the contemporary classical atonal music is often a problem
of what education you have had (and musical education cannot be separated
from human relationships and from a global education of a person, as we
can learn from the classical early music or from the traditional cultures),
and also a problem of what the mass media let you know. For instance,
sometimes the little children and non-musicians understand it better.
Really,
contemporary (atonal) music is not (and shouldn't be) a matter who interests
only some cerebral academics: there are plain, simple people who love
it, and they are more than what one usually imagines. Being involved with
it can only enrich you. Besides, I believe that one should prefer - and
should be prone - to be changed in his soul by the music he listens to,
than to change the music he listens to according to his mood. A music
that does not surprise you, a music that you already listen without problems,
is not interesting for your life. So I'm always very concerned with making
people love good atonal music (of course there is the bad one, too!) and
get enriched, and free from prejudices. For instance: tuneful atonal melodies
CAN exist. Yes, it occurs to me quite often to whistle themes from Berg
(sonata op.1), Messiaen (a lot, really, and very often!) and even Stockhausen
(Tierkreis, that can be one of the possible demonstrations that atonal
melodies can indeed be tuneful). Why not? They come to me spontaneously
and unconsciously. I believe that music is not ONE universal language.
There are MANY languages, as in speech. One should simply know the language,
so, as already stated, it is also a problem of education (and mass media,
and so...money), and the language itself must be understandable, that
is (for me), it must be partly based on natural foundations and on the
culture of the environment from which it spreads. And, at least for us
Europeans (I'm Italian), on consequentiality.
And,
like with language minorities, each language must have the right to exist
and must have its space, equal to the others. We all have the right to
speak our native, spontaneous language. And atonality is absolutely spontaneous,
for me, more than tonality.
(
)
I
am even thinking of establishing a group or list of web pages, called
"NT music", of people concerned with the defense and survival
(and more than survival, also with public knowledge, support, comprehension,
correct appreciation and diffusion) of "NT" communicative music,
"NT" meaning non-tonal, non-triadic, non-thematic, non-tempered...
(not necessarily all these things together at the same time: I am especially
interested in "non-triadic" or "non-tertian" music).
Also
all my work, together with my other colleagues, on software for computer-aided
composition and music analysis (though less important than the musical
one, of course!) is done for the same reason.
(
)
Do I have interests other than music? Oh, yes, several
ones: watching and identifying animals in the wild, birdwatching, strolling
in the Alps, among fir forests, high meadows, brooks and moors, reading
as much as I can, looking to the works of the great painters (Bruegel,
Monet, Seurat, Kandinsky, Klee, and my great Chagall...), collecting rare
authentic traditional music field recordings, reading good literature
and theatre, watching movies by great directors when I have time (almost
never), playing with little children and learning from them. I have also
a strange attraction for languages, linguistics and ethnic minorities,
and for funny tricks based on logic and maths, for music boxes (but I
have only one of them) and for astronomy, for mountain life and nature,
for the Northern Countries and especially for Norway, for the hardingfele,
for the old fairy tales, legends and surviving old rituals and customs,
and for studies about any of these subjects. And I love museums (don't
make strange faces) :-), but also cartoons...
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